UN satellite analysis tracks Ukraine cultural damage

 Yahoo – AFP, October 26, 2022 

The United Nations is using before-and-after satellite imagery to monitor the cultural destruction inflicted by Russia's war in Ukraine, announcing Wednesday it will launch its tracking platform publicly within days. 

The UN's culture agency UNESCO said it had verified damage to 207 cultural sites in Ukraine since the Russian invasion on February 24. 

They include 88 religious sites, 15 museums, 76 buildings of historical and or artistic interest, 18 monuments and 10 libraries. 

"Our conclusion is it's bad, and it may continue to get even worse," UNESCO's cultural and emergencies director Krista Pikkat told reporters at a briefing in Geneva. 

So far in the war, none of the seven world heritage sites have been damaged. 

UNESCO -- the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization -- has joined forces with the UN Satellite Centre UNOSAT. 

Based on reports on the ground, UNESCO sends a list of potentially damaged sites to UNOSAT. It then asks for satellite images from commercial suppliers and a small team of experts studies the difference in before-and-after pictures. 

The team matches up the images and is then able to give a time window in which the damage took place. 

It does not attribute blame for the damage. 

"This is a kind of pilot experiment to see how we can usefully compile this information, and possibly in the long term, the ambition would be to widen the scope beyond Ukraine and take the tool to a global level so we can really have a kind of real-time, interactive tool for our experts," said Pikkat. 

UNESCO is also working with museums and collections in Ukraine to try to combat against the threat of looting -- a common problem in war. 

UNESCO has been discussing with Kyiv about possibly removing cultural heritage items from the country for the duration of the war, but Pikkat acknowledged that it was a "difficult call", with the first move being to evacuate collections to safer parts of Ukraine.

Jakarta needs planning supervision: Experts

The Jakarta Post, JAKARTA | Sat, 03/14/2009 1:53 PM 

Corruption and a lack of professionalism among government officials and contractors has contributed to many building failures across Jakarta, a seminar concluded on Friday. 

Sulistijo Sidarto Mulyo, chairman of Association of Southeast Asian Nations’ (ASEAN) charter of professional engineers, said “building failures” did not just mean building collapsing, but also included poorly planned buildings.

“New schools with no students, or overpriced construction costs for a seaport are also examples of building failures,” Sulistijo told a seminar held by Pelita Harapan University.

If the government and developers worked by the book, these failures could be avoided, he said.

In South Korea, for example, developers must show would-be buyers all materials they intend to use for an apartment, Sulistijo said.

“They [the developers] would not dare change the quality of the materials. Here, developers show materials in promotional brochures but then use lower quality materials in construction,” he lamented.

Sulistijo told a story about an earthquake in a country not unlike Indonesia, in 1985.

“All government buildings crumbled, and only a few were left intact. This showed that not only had substandard materials been used, but that corruption was also invovled,” he said.

A similar catastrophe could happen in Jakarta, Sulistijo said.

Another speaker, Manlian Ronald Simanjuntak of the UPH civil engineering faculty, said building conversions were often a sign of building failure too.

“Basically, if we don’t feel comfortable with a building, this is a sign of a building’s failure,” Manlian said.

He highlighted the conversion of residential areas in the city into commercial premises as a good example of building failure.

As the economy expands and spaces are increasingly hard to find, many Jakarta residents have converted their houses into commercial properties.

South Jakarta municipality reported that owners of 1,649 buildings were abusing their residential permits. Many of these were being used as beauty clinics, spas, cafes, restaurants, offices, storage facilities and pharmacies.

“This is a case of building failure, but the administration doesn’t dare recognize it as a failure because they were the ones who handed out the permits.”

Sulistijo said that good buildings were ones that provided the most benefit to an area, over a certain time frame.

“We are really weak in the area of supervision of building developments,” he said.

He admitted that an independent body, like MUPA (Manggala Utama Penilai Ahli) whose engineering experts members, had yet to take on a supervisory role in building planning and development in Jakarta. (iwp)

PT KAI renovates historical Lawang Sewu building in Semarang

Suherdjoko, The Jakarta Post, Semarang | Tue, 03/03/2009 5:53 PM  

State-owned railway company PT KAI of Semarang has renovated historical Lawang Sewu building and planned to create it as a ticket reservation centre and tourism object after being neglected for 25 years. 

Over the past one week, the company has deployed some workers to clean up and paint some rooms at the first and second floor of the building, which located in the Tugu Muda area. 

The company's spokesperson Warsono told The Jakarta 

Post on Tuesday that his office was renovating only some main rooms at the first and second floors and targeting to finish them all this month. 

“We will also make the old building as a center for executive and business classes tickets reservation to make easier for residents thanks to the building strategic location as compared to Tawang station,” he said. 

To attract more visitors, he added, the company would provide the building with antique locomotive made in 1908 from Germany. 

The Lawang Sewu building was built on Feb. 17, 1904 and was the headquarter of Nederlandsch Indische Spoorweg Maatschapij or the Dutch Indies Rail Company. (ewd)

Related Article:

Lawang Sewu: Ahaunted, sad place

High-rise manager rejects city's safety inspection policy

Triwik Kurniasari and Damar Harsanto, The Jakarta Post

A plan by the city administration to recruit 200 inspectors to monitor safety standards in Jakarta's high-rises has been criticized as wasteful. Suryo Adi Prasetyo, who manages the Wisma Kosgoro building on Jl. MH Thamrin in Central Jakarta, said dedicating so many people to the task was overkill. 

He assured that building managers in the city coordinated with the Jakarta Property Management and Supervision Agency (P2B) and the Jakarta Fire Agency to ensure safety standards in their buildings were upheld.        

Safety requirements for high-rises - High-voltage electrical installations and a backup power generator.

• Fire-safety equipment, including fire alarm system, fire exits, fire extinguishers and hydrants.
  
  
• Must have elevators or escalators.
  
  
• Car parks must be fitted out with traffic signs, speed bumps, ramps and iron railings where there are drop-offs.
  
  
• Clean water installation and sewerage.
  
  
  

North Jakarta slammed over fire safety

The Jakarta Post

The North Jakarta administration reported Wednesday that most buildings in the municipality lacked proper fire safety equipment.

According to the report, which was based on inspections carried out last year, 111 of 185 multistory buildings inspected in North Jakarta had inadequate fire safety facilities.

Most of the buildings did not have fire extinguishers, hydrants or sprinklers.

"Owners need to improve their awareness of this issue," said the head of monitoring at the municipality's fire department, Sumarlan, as quoted by Beritajakarta news portal.

He also said the lack of manpower in the fire department meant not all buildings received safety inspections every year.

He said there at least 500 multistory buildings in the municipality, but only 185 were inspected in 2007.

There were 181 fires reported in North Jakarta last year, from 132 in 2006. This figure includes several fires at multistory buildings.

Menara Jamsostek to design new parking lot following fatal accident

Mustaqim Adamrah, The Jakarta Post, Jakarta

The company that manages the Menara Jamsostek building, PT Sangu, is planning to redesign the building's parking area after a fatal accident Tuesday.

Sangu finance director Jefry Haryadi said Friday construction consultants appointed by the company were working on a new design for the 11-year-old parking building.

"The team is drawing up a new design for the building and is calculating which design is the most economical and can be immediately implemented," he told The Jakarta Post.

"The team is also taking into account construction standards according to current regulations," he said.

Jefry said the team was working with the city property management and control agency on its design to prevent a "possible correction or rejection".

The team's final design will be submitted to an independent panel authorized to determine the feasibility the project during a hearing next Wednesday, Jefry said.

Previously, agency head Hari Sasongko said the building's management team was required to submit a new design for the parking lot that complied with its 2007 decree on buildings and structures.

Hari said the decree stipulated that walls in parking buildings must be resistant to collisions.

He said the agency had ordered the building's management team to temporarily close the parking area until renovations were completed to make it safer following Tuesday's accident, which claimed the life of a 42-year-old man.

The victim of Tuesday's crash was identified as Heryawan, a resident of Pesanggrahan in South Jakarta, who had worked as a driver for an insurance agency for 15 years.

He backed his vehicle through a barrier in the parking building and plunged to his death.

The incident occurred at around 10:30 a.m. after Heryawan drove his employer to a meeting in the building on Jl. Gatot Subroto in South Jakarta.

The car hit a passing vehicle before coming to rest upside down on the ground.

Two people inside the car that was hit sustained minor injuries.

According to Jamsostek's operations and services director Ahmad Ansyori, the company offered Heryawan's family Rp 99 million (US$10,550) on Friday, including Rp 200,000 every month for the next 24 months.

"We will also give Heryawan's eldest child, who is still at university, a Rp 150,000 scholarship every month," Ahmad told the Post.

Two car park accidents occurred last year at the Permata Hijau International Trade Center in Kebayoran Lama, South Jakarta.

A family of three was killed when their vehicle fell from the sixth floor of center's parking building earlier in the year.

The second accident, which resulted in no injuries, occurred when a driver lost control of his vehicle and rolled backwards, smashing through a meter-high wall in the parking building.

Administration speeds up safety-check on parking buildings

Mustaqim Adamrah, The Jakarta Post, Jakarta

Jakarta Property Management and Control Agency is accelerating safety checks on parking buildings in the city following a recent accident at the Menara Jamsostek building that claimed one life.

Agency head Hari Sasongko said it would immediately close parking facilities not meeting the construction standards of a 2007 degree.

All carparks had to submit building designs to the agency or else wait for agency officers to inspect them, he said.

Hari said owners of buildings closed for safety reasons would have to first submit new building designs and then rebuild, adding that both design plans and the finished work would have to pass agency approval.

"The offenders must consider all possible collision factors in the designs."

Hari said the agency would ask for help from universities to carry out checks at some 400 parking buildings so as to complete the process by mid-year.

A 2007 agency decree provides that walls in parking buildings must be strong enough to withstand collisions.

The agency has inspected 22 parking buildings for safety following a string of carpark accidents.

On Tuesday, a 42-year-old chauffeur died after accidentally backing his car through a steel fence at Jamsostek building on Jl. Gatot Subroto, South Jakarta.

The incident took place at around 10:30 a.m., after the man -- who had 15-years professional driving experience -- dropped his employer at the building.

The car hit a moving vehicle, causing minor injuries to the occupants and landing upside down.

Two carpark accidents occurred last year.

At Permata Hijau International Trade Center in Kebayoran Lama, South Jakarta, a family of three was killed when their vehicle fell from the sixth floor of the garage.

The second accident occurred when a driver lost control and rolled backwards, smashing through a meter-high wall on a spiral ramp of a carpark.

No one was injured in that accident.

New service for owners of fire extinguishers

The Jakarta Post, Jakarta

A fire safety and security products distribution company on Thursday launched a new service in Jakarta and eight other cities that will cut the time it takes residents to refill their fire extinguishers.

Gunnebo Indonesia, also known as PT Indolok Bakti Utama, has introduced 10 "refill cars" in Jakarta, Medan, Pekanbaru, Palembang, Bandung, Semarang, Surabaya, Denpasar and Balikpapan, according to Shirley Tamtomo, an executive with the company.

Two of the cars will operate in Jakarta, and one each in the other eight cities.

"The cars will allow our company to do the refilling process without having to bring the extinguishers to the company's depository," Shirley said during a launch ceremony here for the new service.

"Customers only need to call us. Then we will come and do the refilling process on the spot."

Shirley said it used to take two to three days for the company to complete the entire refilling process, because it had to pick up the expired fire extinguishers from each customer, bring the extinguishers to the company's depository, refill the devices and deliver them back to the customers.

The refill cars are equipped with everything required for the refill process, and can serve different types of extinguishers, whether they use halotron, powder or foam.

"We will review the effectiveness of these cars within a year. If it is considered a success, then we will expand the car deployment to the other 25 company branches all over Indonesia," Shirley said.

The company's country manager, Hindra C. Kurniawan, said the firm had been established in Jakarta since 1972, and had around 40,000 to 50,000 customers, including factories, shopping centers, banks, hospitals, office buildings and hotels.

"Every year, we have between 3,000 and 4,000 new customers nationwide, with around 5,000 to 7,000 devices needed to be refilled every month," he said.

Shirley said fire extinguishers should be refilled at least every two years.

"Until now, we import the powder and foam medium (for extinguishers) from Spain, and the halotron from the United States. Refill prices depend on the medium and the device's size. For a two-kilogram powder refill, it will cost around Rp 100,000," Shirley said.

"There are also lots of people who have fire extinguishers, but not all of them know how to use them. Our trained employees will teach these people how to use and maintain the devices."

According to the city's fire agency, there were 853 fires in Jakarta last year, down from the 902 in 2006. Forty-five of the fires in 2007 occurred in high population density areas. (uwi/tif)

Jakarta faces perils of warming, inaction

By Laurie Goering | Tribune foreign correspondent

December 9, 2007, Chicagotribune.com

JAKARTA, Indonesia — Thousands of climate change experts from throughout the world are gathering in Bali to start the politically tortuous process of turning new scientific evidence about the perils of climate change into policy to act on the problem.

To see the potential perils of inaction, they need not look far.

Indonesia's low-lying capital, Jakarta, has long suffered seasonal flooding. But climate change, combined with a failure by politicians to address factors contributing to flooding, means a fifth of the fast-growing Asian city of 9 million may be perpetually flooded by 2050, Indonesian officials believe.

Unless major, concerted action is taken, the international airport will be surrounded by water and accessible only by boat, and the city's densest slums will be submerged, as will some of its most exclusive luxury housing developments, said Rachmat Witoelar, Indonesia's environment minister, who opened the two-week climate meeting in Bali, an Indonesian island.

Witoelar envisions a future in which the richest Jakartans live in high-rise apartment buildings connected by boat and elevated highways to high-rise malls, factories and offices.

Where the legions of poor will live, no one is quite sure.

"Climate change here is happening now. Yesterday in fact," Witoelar said. "We're very vulnerable."

Just how vulnerable became evident in February, when record floodwaters swamped the city, killing 80 people and driving half a million from their homes.

What makes Jakarta's impending disaster particularly worrisome—and a potential lesson to other places confronted with climate change—is that officials of this city, which has a long history of corruption and public mismanagement, are doing very little to address it.

Lack of realistic policy and planning to address flooding increasingly appears to be as big a threat as climate change itself, and may ultimately leave Jakarta with just three options: Float, sink or move.

"If sea level rises and the intense rains come more, Jakarta will drown, and we will have to think of relocating the capital," said Andi Sudirman, a hydrologist who has spent 20 years coordinating a river monitoring station in the hills above Jakarta.

A study released this year by the International Institute for Environment and Development in London similarly suggests that protecting cities like Jakarta from rising sea and floodwaters might prove so expensive that relocating people—perhaps even whole cities—could be a better choice.

Forty percent of Jakarta, built on a vast flood plain divided by 13 rivers, lies below sea level. In the best of times, the ocean's waves are held back by a system of pumps and floodgates. In the rainy season, downpours regularly overwhelm the city's drainage system, flooding the streets and sending muddy water pouring over the banks of its rivers and canals.

More rain, mismanagement

Climate change is making things worse. Rainstorms in Jakarta and its watershed are growing more intense and erratic, making flooding more severe and harder to predict.

Jakarta residents have long kept a wary eye on rumbling gray skies during the rainy seasons, which start in December. But in February, no one was prepared for a rainstorm so intense it sent floodwaters surging over 60 percent of the city.

With too few shelters available, families slept under interstate bridges and on graves in the cemetery. Hospitals were overwhelmed with cases of diarrhea, respiratory infection and leptospirosis, a bacterial disease caused by exposure to water contaminated with animal urine. Phone service, power, roads and rail lines were cut for days. Financial losses were put at nearly a half-billion dollars.

Sutiyoso, the city's governor, an unpopular and unelected ex-general appointed to his job by former Indonesian dictator Suharto, dismissed criticism of the city's lack of flood preparations, calling the deluge a "natural phenomenon."

But The Jakarta Post, in a frank editorial, laid the blame for the February disaster directly on him and other city officials, calling it "simply unforgivable" for the governor to "leave citizens helpless."

Jakarta's growing flooding problems are largely the result of local government mismanagement, critics say. Trash and sediment clog rivers that are rarely dredged. Forests have been felled and reservoirs bulldozed in the city's watershed to make way for homes. Business owners and residents have illegally filled in parts of the city's rivers. And since the late 1990s the city has seen a construction boom, much of it on former wetlands.

The city's planning guidelines call for maintaining wetlands and green space, but such areas have shrunk from 26 percent of the city in 1985 to 9 percent today. All but 9 percent of the original forest in the hills above Jakarta, which once absorbed much of the runoff flooding the city, has been cut by developers, according to the national public works department.

The problem, nearly everyone admits, is widespread corruption among city and state officials and lack of enforcement of Jakarta's laws.

"Corruption is the root of all of this flooding," said Slamet Daryoni, the executive director of Wahli, an Indonesian environmental and social justice non-profit organization. "The Jakarta development model is not to minimize flooding but to maximize profits."

He points out a spot on the Krukut River in West Jakarta, where developers building an apartment complex have sunk a huge concrete wall two-thirds of the way out into the 30-foot-wide river, then tamped in dirt behind to enlarge their plot. The normally placid stream now races in a whitewater torrent through the bottleneck; just across the river, on lower ground, sits the city's main telephone switching complex.

Siswoko, a flood-control specialist and director general of water resources for the national Ministry of Public Works, shakes his head at such violations, which have somehow received legal permits.

"Even if we have the regulation, local government doesn't follow it," he said.

Developers aren't the only ones filling in Jakarta's rivers. In a city with few open dumps and little in the way of waste collection, 70 percent of residential trash ends up in rivers and canals, Daryoni said. The garbage, combined with sediment from upstream erosion, has blocked most of the city's drains and filled its once-deep rivers and canals.

No place else for trash

At a floodgate station in central Jakarta built nearly a century ago during Dutch colonial rule, workers each day use a mammoth excavator to claw garbage bags, old inner tubes, bits of broken bamboo and heaps of plastic grocery bags from a massive drift of refuse trapped against the floodgates.

On a normal day, workers pull out enough garbage to fill five 20-ton trucks, said Pardjono, the manager of the station; when the water flow rises, as many as 15 trucks are needed each day.

National and city officials have promised to ease the city's problem by pushing through a long-delayed new drainage canal and moving 71,000 slum dwellers away from the banks of Ciliwung, the city's largest river, in order to widen it.

But with land costs spectacularly high in Jakarta and more than 100,000 riverside families in need of new apartments elsewhere "we'll need 25 years to build them all," said H. Wishnu Subagio, head of public works for Jakarta. Buying land for the drainage canal will similarly be a challenge.

Agus Purnomo, a climate change specialist in Indonesia's Environment Ministry, predicts that within 40 years seafront North Jakarta—full of multimillion-dollar homes and middle-class districts—will be abandoned.

"The problem with climate change is it's very long term," he said. "You can mobilize for something sudden, like a tsunami. With climate change, the adaptation is gradual," he said.

Nippon Life to build computer centre for real-time redundancy

Tokyo (ANTARA News/Asia Pulse) - Nippon Life Insurance Co. plans to build a new redundant computer centre in Ibaraki, Osaka Prefecture, to allow for rapid recovery of operations in case of fire or other disasters.

The new facility, at an estimated cost of 40-50 billion yen (US$347-434 million), will duplicate the functions of the current centre in Sakai, also in Osaka Prefecture, and operate in synch with it at all times.

The redundancy will allow the firm to test newly developed systems under real conditions, helping to prevent errors such as nonpayment of insurance claims. The system is expected to come into full operation in fiscal year 2011.

Quake drills may help save lives: Expert

The Jakarta Post, Jakarta

Ivan worked until late and was just about to leave the office when he felt the high-rise building he was in on Jl. Jend. Sudirman, Central Jakarta, begin to sway. In a panic, he and three others from the same floor took the elevator to reach the lobby. It got stuck.

"I thought 'this is it' ... we almost lost hope, but then the elevator started working again," he said, recalling the evening of Sept. 12 when a powerful earthquake measuring 7.9 on the Richter scale hit Bengkulu and West Sumatra.

Most building tenants are unaware that the swaying of a building is actually a good sign: meaning the building won't fall down.

Although there are no regulations on earthquake mitigation in high-rise buildings or public places, many building owners have designed their properties to withstand quakes up to a 7-magnitude on the Richter scale.

"However, many building management boards ignore the importance of a disaster mitigation grand plan, which should involve all tenants and authorities in the building.

"The fact that most people tend to forget life-saving measures when they panic in an emergency situation highlights the importance of regular escape drills," said Amtono Prasutanto, a consultant and training instructor at the Disaster Management Institute of Indonesia.

"Drills train your brain and body where to go and what to do in an emergency situation."

Amtono suggested building management boards appoint caretakers on each floor of high-rise buildings to show tenants escape routes out of the building to be used in emergency situations.

"Floor caretakers can set up their own emergency plans, while the building management boards should be responsible for facilitating each plan. It's better to have strategic emergency plans in place. One can never be too careful or too prepared," he said.

What to do in the event of an earthquake

If you are indoors - Stay inside - Drop to the floor, take cover under a heavy piece of furniture or stand against an inside wall. Stay indoors until the shaking stops and it is safe to exit. - Stay away from windows and doors. - Never take an elevator.

If you are outdoors - Move to a clear area away from buildings, trees and power lines. - Drop to the ground until the shaking stops.

If you are in a car - Slow down and drive to a clear area (as described above). - Turn on emergency lights and slow to a stop. Do not stop on overpasses, underpasses or bridges. - Be aware of overhead hazards such as power lines or falling debris from buildings. - Turn off the ignition and set the parking brake. - Stay inside the car until the shaking stops.

If trapped under debris - Do not light a match. - Do not move about or kick up dust. - Cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing. - Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can locate you. Use a whistle if one is available. - Shout only as a last resort, as shouting can cause you to inhale dangerous particles.

Source: Disaster Management Institute of Indonesia

High rises unaffected by quakes: BMG

Mustaqim Adamrah and Adianto P. Simamora, The Jakarta Post, Jakarta

The Meteorology and Geophysics Agency (BMG) said Thursday the earthquake and aftershocks that rattled western Sumatra on Wednesday would not affect buildings in the capital.

"All buildings and infrastructure in Jakarta have been designed to adapt to quakes," earthquake division head Suhardjono said at the agency's headquarters.

The epicenter of Wednesday's 7.9-Richter-scale earthquake was some 100 kilometers southwest of the capital of Bengkulu and at a depth of about 15 kilometers.

Bystanders on Jl. Jend. Sudirman, Central Jakarta, reportedly saw office buildings sway during the quake.

The Jakarta disaster coordinating task force head, Bobby Aryono, said the unit had not received any reports of damaged buildings as of Thursday afternoon.

Suhardjono said the buildings and infrastructure were designed to sway according to the movement created by an earthquake and thus were safe from it.

"So, Jakartans should not have panicked or been hysterical. Moreover, the epicenter was far (from the capital). It would have been another story if the epicenter were nearby," he said.

However, geotechnical engineering researcher at the Indonesian Institute of Sciences Adrin Tohari said that Jakarta's northern coastal area was vulnerable to liquefaction during earthquakes as it sat on unsolid soil.

Liquefaction makes the ground lose its ability to support structures.

"It would ruin buildings and blow up pipelines planted below the surface. The reclamation areas on the northern coastline are prone to liquefaction," he told The Jakarta Post on Thursday.

Adrin made the prediction based on his research on the impact of an earthquake on liquefaction risks in Bengkulu.

The research, carried out in July, found that an earthquake measuring 7.3 on the Richter scale that hit Bengkulu in 2000 caused land subsidence of between 20 centimeters to 30 cm in coastal areas.

"The composition of Bengkulu's coastal areas is mostly cohesion-less sands and clay similar to Jakarta's northern coastal zone," he said.

Houses in coastal areas of Bengkulu collapsed in the 2000 earthquake.

The Jakarta administration is reclaiming a 32-kilometer stretch of northern coastline to add about 2,700 hectares of land to the city.

The land will be used for industrial parks, hotels, office buildings and upscale accommodation for up to 1.19 million residents.

The BMG recorded three aftershocks in Sumatra on Wednesday and Thursday and issued a tsunami warning.

Suhardjono said that the quake and its aftershocks resulted from clashes and friction between the Indo-Australian tectonic plate and the Eurasian tectonic plate.

Riverbank traders facing eviction

JAKARTA (The Jakarta Post): The Jakarta administration is planning to evict hundreds of traders operating along the banks of the Jelakeng and Opak Rivers in West Jakarta.

"We've already given them the deadline of October to leave those areas," Abidin Mustofa, an official at the West Jakarta Public Order Agency, told Tempointeraktif.

He said the presence of buildings along the riverbanks posed a threat to the environment. The businesses along the riverbanks also worsened traffic congestion in the areas, he said.

Abidin said that the administration had prepared alternative sites to accommodate the traders, such as 147 kiosks in Slipi market, 144 kiosks in Glodok market and 288 kiosks in Pasar Pagi market.