Dirtiest river

The Jakarta Post, Sun, 12/06/2009 5:37 PM | National

Two scavengers search for plastic garbage in Citarum River, Baleendah in Bandung on Sunday. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) has declared the 270 kilometer river as the world’s most polluted river. (Antara/Rezza Estily)

Clean canals could reduce flooding by 40%: Expert

Agnes Winarti, The Jakarta Post, Jakarta | Mon, 02/02/2009 4:05 PM  

Dredging Jakarta's rivers and canals could reduce flooding in the city by 40 percent, an expert from the Netherlands says. 

"Only by dredging them will we be able to reduce the effect of flooding by 40 percent," Peter Vroege told The Jakarta Post in a recent interview. 

Vroege leads a team of Dutch experts assisting the city administration's efforts to dredge Kali Mati and Kali Pademangan canals in North Jakarta. 

"Most Jakarta rivers and canals have silted up by up to 50 percent *of their original depths*," Vroege said, quoting a 2007 study by the city's river management body and Dutch experts under the Partners for Water program. 

According to the study, Jakarta has 18 main canals and over 500 smaller canals that are 2 to 15 meters in width. The study estimates that the city's network of canals has become silted up with 9 million cubic meters of sediment and waste. 

The city administration said the city's canal network performed only at 50 to 70 percent of its capacity. 

The system can accommodate a maximum of 50 millimeters of rainfall in a day. However, daily rainfall exceeding that amount is not uncommon during the rainy season. 

Vroege said the canals should be dredged regularly. 

"In Holland, the canals are dredged once every five or 10 years.*But*how frequent the dredging is will depend on whether people stop throwing garbage into the canals," he said. 

"That's why the administration needs to establish a better waste system and keep*reminding the people*not to throw away garbage into canals." 

City Public Works Agency head Budi Widiantoro said his office had removed 350 cubic meters of mud from the Kali Mati and Pademangan canals, which it then dumped into a nearby swamp in Ancol, also in North Jakarta. 

"After the two canals, we will *prioritize to* dredging the canals in Utan Kayu in East Jakarta, Kebon Bawang in North Jakarta and Krukut Bawah in Tanah Abang and Rawa Kerbau in Cempaka Putih, both in Central Jakarta," he said. 

Budi said that this year the administration had allocated Rp 1.5 billion (US$133,928) for dredging medium-size canals, including Kali Mati and Kali Pademangan. 

The administration has also earmarked Rp 200 billion to dredge Ciliwung River, which runs through Manggarai, Gunung Sahari and Gajah Mada. 

"We will start that in May," he added. 

The administration is also awaiting the disbursement of a World Bank loan worth US$150 million from the central government as part of a project to dredge 18 key drainage canals and retention basins. 

Of the loan, $5 million is allocated for procuring heavy equipment, and the rest is for operational expenses.

Markets to make 10,000 biopores

The Jakarta Post, Sat, 11/15/2008 10:54 AM   

JAKARTA: City-owned market operator PD Pasar Jaya plans to create 10,000 biopores in 151 traditional markets across the city to prevent puddles around the market areas. 

The public relations officer of Pasar Jaya, M. Nur Havidz, said each market would have 50 to 100 biopores. 

"The biopores will allow more rainwater to be absorbed. We can also put organic waste into the biopores so it can turn into compost," Havidz said Thursday, as quoted by beritajakarta.com. 

So far there are only 22 markets -- including Kramatjati market in East Jakarta, Tebet market in South Jakarta, Glodok market in West Jakarta and Senen market in Central Jakarta -- with biopores, he said. 

Pasar Jaya ambassador, actress Chintami Atmanegara, said she hoped the biopores would make the traditional markets cleaner so more people would go there.

Let's manage garbage to combat flooding

Enri Damanhuri, Bandung, The Jakarta Post

A major flood threatens Jakarta. At least that is what was implied by the Meteorology and Geophysics Agency (BMG), which predicted that a high tide of up to 2.2 meters will affect northern Jakarta within the next few weeks, with the worst affected areas expected to be Penjaringan and Pluit. High levels of precipitation could also cause floods of up to half a meter deep in Cawang, Cakung, Jatinegara, Pancoran and Rawa Jati (Kompas, Dec. 5).

This is concerning, at least for us Jakartans and other residents of coastal areas. One problem that has not yet been solved is how to manage our garbage to avoid flooding. Now we have to add high tides to the list of threats.

The easiest answer to the question as to what causes the floods nowadays is the dramatic impact of global warming affecting all parts of the world. The floods are caused by bad weather and storms, and the melting ice is affecting the flow of water, leading to deluges.

However, we may have forgotten another reason that needs to be addressed: the intensive coastal reclamation work in North Jakarta was one of the cause of the floods from Ancol to Kapuk Naga at the end of November.

We may wonder about the floods in the U.S. or UK due to Hurricane Katrina or the heavy rains that caused the big rivers of Europe to overflow. Countries that are well-developed in terms of surface water management, through well-prepared drainage systems, pumps and control dams, in addition to proper waste management, where it is rare to find garbage plugging up the system, still have to deal with the problem.

Surely the rising waters will wreak havoc in developing countries, that are still only introducing such technology, as in Indonesia.

Floods do not just transport water. They contain bacteria, germs and domestic waste. It's no secret that the floodwaters also contain dangerous substances, such as hazardous chemical waste.

We face many problems in handling floods in Jakarta: from preventing the floods and reducing their impacts, to appraising and repairing the damage after the floods so as to prevent them from happening again.

There needs to be legal consequences for those who cause losses and causalities, whether intentionally or otherwise. The Environmental Management Law (No. 23/1997), which makes pollution a criminal offense, needs to be used as a point of reference by the authorities so as to discourage those who do not respect the environment and contribute to its destruction by either purposely mismanaging or carelessly managing waste.

When faced with flooding, people are normally most concerned about saving themselves and their material and productive assets. But what about the dangerous waste that can pollute the water and leech into the ground? This is especially worrying given the number of both large and small industries located in north Jakarta.

There needs to be strict law enforcement by the environmental authorities and related institutions to control how industrial waste is managed so as to avoid people falling sick or dying because they come into contact with dangerous chemicals during the floods.

The stakeholders, all of us, need to take a stand to reduce the impact of improper waste management, and the international forum on climate change in Bali is the perfect opportunity for Indonesia to take action and think about how improper waste management, domestic and industrial, has contributed to polluting our environment.

In order to affect a change in mentality and behavior among the Indonesian people, routine and ongoing socialization of good environmental practices and strict law enforcement of environmental regulations are necessary. The government, as one of the main stakeholders, needs to fulfill its role as the main agent of change by widely distributing information to the public and corporations about the importance of proper waste management, especially for industry-generated hazardous waste.

Let us not forget that waste management, especially urban waste that consists mainly of organic carbon substances, is a significant contributor to greenhouse emissions, especially since waste management systems in Indonesian landfills (TPAs) create methane gases that are improperly managed.

It is commonly known that the greenhouse effect of methane gas is 21 times worse than that of CO2. Of course, this does not mean that we have to blindly apply the values or emission factors provided by experts from developed countries. It requires systematic mapping to explain how proper waste management can serve as one of the important contributors to the effort to reduce greenhouse emissions in Indonesia.

From a management aspect, a program to reduce greenhouse emissions needs to start with the basics; the implementation of the 3-Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). This program can be socialized among garbage and industrial waste generators through discussion panels to formulate rules of conduct involving all relevant parties.

At least there will be a symbiosis of mutualism; both horizontally and vertically. More importantly, municipalities and industry players need to start managing their waste properly. When they realize that the hazardous waste generated by companies in their areas requires professional handling, according to the environmental rules and regulations, they will come to realize that they need to delegate this task to professional companies that specialize in industrial waste management.

As waste management is their core business, they will have the facilities and capabilities needed to ensure that the waste will be properly managed and will not damage the environment. To quote the old saying, "We should leave it to the experts." It's still not too late for this.

The writer is a professor in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB). He can be reached at e_damanhuri@ftsl.itb.c.id

Tempe lake suffers from severe sedimentation

Andi Hajramurni, The Jakarta Post, Makassar

Lake Tempe in South Sulawesi was once called the "fish bowl of Indonesia". Today, as a result of chronic sedimentation caused by erosion and water plants, fishing is drying up.

The sediment piles on at a rate of five centimeters per year, causing the lake to shrink away in the dry season and overflow in the wet season.

Three regencies border the lake -- Wajo, Soppeng and Sidenreng Rappang. Wajo, in particular, is at risk from seasonal floods which threaten thousands of private and public buildings.

Once the lake was 30,000 hectares in area and 10,000 meters deep. Now, Tempe is never larger than 10,000 hectares and shrinks to 1,000 hectares with a maximum depth of two meters in the dry season.

The Wajo regency administration and several environmental organizations say the lake may remain only a memory in future years.

Nine rivers flow into the lake and sedimentation is attributed to upstream erosion. The condition is worsened by household waste and the rampant growth of water hyacinth, called eceng gondok.

Wajo environmental agency head Andi Tenri Lengka explained the Eceng gondok speeds up sedimentation because dead plants accumulate under water instead of rotting. They choke the lake during rainy season and are still there when it dries out.

While eceng gondok is sometimes suitable for handicrafts, the Tempe variety is not, Lengka said.

Tempe's receding shoreline bodes ill for fish including bungo, biawang and bete-bete. A handful of other species are hanging on.

In the 1960s, Lengka said, the lake produced some 50,000 of fish per year, which helped feed the country's prison population. Today only about 10,000 tons are caught annually.

"We could catch a lot of fish easily (even) during the dry season, several years ago. Now, it is not easy to find them," said Wahid, a fisherman.

Most local fishermen have had to start farming when the lake dries up, sowing corn and soya beans on the lake bottom.

Lengka said he welcomed solutions to the environmental disaster from whatever quarter.

Wajo administration mitigation efforts include excavation of Cenrenae River and attempts to channel rainy season overflows into smaller lakes and rivers in the Tempe drainage.

Lengka said the administration needed Rp 43 billion (US$4.70 million) to implement its programs and hoped the province and central government would help.

Governor sued over polluted river

The Jakarta Post

SURABAYA, East Java: Members of the group Environmental Watch in Surabaya filed a lawsuit against East Java Governor Imam Utomo on Thursday.

The suit seeks to hold the governor responsible for the high level of pollution in Surabaya River.

Lawyers from the Surabaya Legal Aid Foundation are representing the environmental group in the suit.

Director of the legal foundation, Syaiful Aris, said the governor should be held responsible for pollution in the river.

He said independent analysis had found the level of contaminants in the river far exceeded acceptable limits.

"Before we filed the lawsuit with the Surabaya court, we twice sent legal reprimands to the governor, but he never responded," said Aris.

He said the East Java Environmental Impact Management Agency (Bapedalda) was also named in the lawsuit.

Surabaya River is one of the main sources of water for residents of the city.

Director of Ecological Observation and Wetland Conservation (ECOTON), Prigi Arisandi, said the Surabaya River had been polluted by industrial waste since 1999.

He said there had been instances over the years of hundreds of fish washing up dead in the river, but the administration had never taken steps to deal with the pollution.

"Despite the pollution, a large number of Surabaya's residents still depend on the river for their drinking water," he said.

He said the administration had failed to supervise and monitor the numerous factories along the river.

ECOTON investigations have found that at least 80 percent of the factories are not equipped with proper waste treatment facilities.--JP

Govt may provide cash for deep tunnel project

The Jakarta Post, Jakarta

The central government has agreed to help finance the multi purpose deep tunnel project (MPDT), pending a feasibility study, a state official said.

"The project is a good idea because it will overcome many problems in the city such as traffic congestion, water shortages, and poor sanitation," Public Works Minister Djoko Kirmanto told a press conference here Thursday after opening a seminar on the project.

He said the central government would not mind helping finance the project but it would first look at the result of a feasibility planned by the city administration this year. He suggested the feasibility study be paid for by the city administration.

"We will see whether the project is financially and technically feasible," he said.

The head of the Jakarta Water Regulatory Body, Achmad Lanti, said the body would need around US$2 million to conduct a feasibility study and to make the grand design for the project.

"It will take two years to finish the feasibility study and the design,"

"And if the project is not feasible, we will not make it happen," he said.

The 22-kilometer tunnel will be constructed 15 meters below the West Flood Canal project with entrances in Balekambang, East Jakarta, and Manggarai, South Jakarta, and exits in Tanah Abang and Roxy in Central Jakarta and at the airport in Cengkareng, Tangerang.

There will be two levels of roadway and waste water reservoirs in the tunnel with diameters of 12 meters. Above the roadways, the tunnel will be used as a utility duct.

It is estimated that the tunnel will generate around Rp 2.2 trillion ($241 million) each year from the operation of the roadway as well as waste water treatment.

Meanwhile, Governor Sutiyoso said that the multi purpose deep tunnel would be the answer to all the crucial problems faced by the capital.

"I hope this concept will attract domestic investors as well as foreign investors because this is a big project which cannot be financed by the city administration or the central government alone," he said.

The project was first proposed by the Jakarta Water Regulatory Body in February after severe flooding inundated much of the capital. In its initial proposal, it was estimated that the project would need Rp 4.37 trillion. However, more recent projections put the cost at four times that amount.

Deeper pockets needed to finance Deep Tunnel: Guv

The Jakarta Post, Jakarta

The project to build a 22-kilometer tunnel to solve Jakarta's chronic water and transportation problems will likely cost some Rp 16.3 trillion (US$1.8 billion), four times the budget proposed in February.

Governor Sutiyoso said Monday that 30 percent of investment for the project would come from the central government and the city's budget.

"I'm inviting the private sector to fund the project," he said.

Sutiyoso expressed optimism that the private sector would invest in the Jakarta Multi Purpose Deep Tunnel project, since they would stand to reap a large amount of revenue from the electricity, water and fertilizers produced in the tunnel.

It is estimated that the tunnel will generate around Rp 2.2 trillion each year from the operation of two levels of roadway and a waste water reservoir.

Waste water from the tunnel will be processed to become clean water in North Jakarta's Pluit dam to help meet the water requirements of up to 1.5 million residents.

The tunnel will also produce hydroelectricity and fertilizer from the wastewater process.

For around two weeks of high rainfall each year, the entire tunnel, including roadways, will turn into a massive duct for channeling rainwater.

According to the Jakarta Water Supply Regulatory Body, which initiated the project, the area above the roadways will be used as a utility tunnel.

The entire tunnel will be constructed 15 meters below the West Flood Canal project with entrances in Balekambang, East Jakarta and Manggarai, South Jakarta and exits in Tanah Abang, Roxy and the airport in Cengkareng, Tangerang.

"The project is a good alternative for Jakarta since land acquisition won't be necessary to bring the tunnel about," said Achmad Lanti, the head of the regulatory body.

Achmad said he hoped the tunnel would be finished by 2014, although he admitted such a projection was based on the smooth running of the project.

The city administration will hold an international seminar on the deep tunnel on May 24 to attract investors to fund the project.

The seminar will be attended by representatives from the Islamic Development Bank (IDB) and other international financial institutions.